#SmithPlays At Their Pace

Learning through play is one of the best ways for our babies and toddlers to grow into mature social children. Smith Memorial Playground opened "Nature Space" a certified nature classroom. I wanted my family to explore "Nature Space" when we arrived at Smith Memorial Playground, but my grands plans were to play on the wooden sliding board. When planning a family outing i like to prep my grandsons before the visit so that we both get the most out of the experience. We learn best with free and structured play. Making a plan and discussing the plan for the day, ahead of time allows for structured play during family outings with little resistance.

The "Nature Space" classroom greets us as we enter the playground. I ask my grandsons' who have taken off full speed towards the slide if we can explore the new "Nature Space.", "I don't want to go in there was my oldest response." This visit, i didn't  prep for the "Nature Space" just allowed the two of them to explore the playground and playhouse. As we are leaving, in their desire not to leave the playground they decided to explore the "Nature Space." Maybe one of our future visits will be to the "Nature Space" first with a project in mind (structured learning) then play to foster growth in gross/fine motor skills, social intelligence and language development!!

Gross and fine motor skills are an essential tool that children use in the classroom, at home and on the playground. Play is one of the best ways to strengthen motor skills. When given ample opportunities to play with a variety of interesting materials, young children will grow many new and exciting ways.

Activities to Support Gross Motor Development

Gross motor skills involve control of the arms, legs, head, and trunk. Child care providers (that includes mom and dads also not just paid providers) can help children develop gross motor skills by building in opportunities for children to

• run
• jump
• hop
• throw and catch
• climb up, down, over, under and through things
• pedal tricycles or other ride-on toys
• push and pull
• dump and fill

Specific activities that support gross motor development include running at different speeds, jumping rope, playing hopscotch, tossing and catching balls of different sizes, pitching bean bags, climbing in many different directions, pedaling riding toys, pulling wagons or toys, pushing toy strollers or brooms, and filling and emptying buckets and other containers. Remember that gross motor development happens inside as well as outside. A crawling tunnel, ride-on car, or pull toy can help children practice large movements of their arms and legs.

Activities to Support Fine Motor Development

Fine motor skills involve the careful control of small muscles in the hands, feet, fingers, and toes. Controlling the muscles of the tongue and lips in order to speak or sing is also a fine motor skill. Child care providers can plan activities that encourage children's developing fine motor skills. Try some of the following activities that practice hand and finger coordination:

• play dough or clay with plastic tools such as scissors or cookie cutters to form into various shapes
• blocks of various sizes to stack and arrange
• beads, macaroni, rigatoni or wheel-shaped cereal to string on yarn or shoelaces
• puzzles with varying size handles or knobs
• scissors, paints, brushes, markers, crayons, and large chalk that are all child-safe

Shared reading is also a great time to encourage fine motor skills. Encourage children to turn the pages of a book. Remember that board books are best for very young children, because the pages are sturdier and easier to manipulate. http://articles.extension.org/pages/25802/play-activities-to-encourage-motor-development-in-child-care

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  Kids learn by building connections between brain cells called “neural pathways.”
• The more these neural pathways are used, the stronger they get. That’s why practicing helps build skills.
• Kids go through different stages of development and pick up different kinds of thinking skills at each stage.

Children develop skills the way builders build a house. They start with the foundation. What gets built on that foundation at different stages of development determines what the house looks like and how to get from room to room.

Here are key things to know about how kids learn and build on different skills. And remember … if you're concerned about your child's development, there are instructional strategies and teaching methods that can help him learn in his own unique way.

Building the Brain’s Wiring System

Each brain cell (neuron) looks a bit like a baby tree. As babies take in information about the world, their neurons branch out and create connections with each other. Called neural pathways, these connections are like an electrical wiring system. Each neuron can have multiple connections to other neurons.

The “wires” don’t touch. Instead, they pass information at the gaps between neurons—the “electrical boxes” known as synapses. Brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) help power the system to get these messages through.

How Neural Pathways Work

Each neural pathway is a circuit. When electricity goes through a circuit, it powers a response. For example, when you flip a light switch, a light comes on. Some brain circuits, like the ones for breathing and circulation, are already developed at birth.

Other circuits are “activity-dependent.” They need input to work, and the more input they get, the better they work. That input is more complex than just flipping a light switch. It comes from all the experiences kids have. Sounds, sights, tastes, smells, the way things feel and emotions all help the brain to release neurotransmitters and power those circuits.

Pruning the Pathways

The neural pathways that are used more often get stronger. Circuits that are not used weaken and disappear over time through a process known as “pruning.” That’s OK—young children have more circuits than they need. Pruning happens all the way through childhood and adolescence. That means kids’ brains are flexible enough to work continuously to build new circuits and refine commonly used neural pathways. This is known as “plasticity.”

The Power of Plasticity

Plasticity is especially important for kids with learning and attention issues. Their brains process information differently and don’t always use brain chemicals effectively. These differences make it harder to create or strengthen some neural pathways.

Teaching kids alternative ways to process information takes advantage of plasticity. It helps neurons build new pathways. The information may have to take a detour and take a little longer to get where it needs to go, but it can still get there.

Learning Through the Senses

Kids don’t have to think about developing neural pathways. It happens naturally as they explore and learn about the world. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget came up with a famous theory about how children develop cognitive or thinking skills. The first stage is when babies use their senses—sight, sound, touch, taste and smell—to start to make connections. They taste, shake and throw objects. They also start to roll and reach for things and, eventually, crawl and walk.

All of these activities help build neural pathways that control things like movement, vision and language development. For example, babies keep making sounds that get them attention they need. They keep putting things that taste good into their mouths, and they keep moving to places they want to see. As they do these things, the brain strengthens those circuits and helps make the activities easier.

Learning Through Language

Between ages 2 and 7 years, language development takes off as kids learn more words, use more complex sentences and even read a little. This is a critical time to provide children with a language-rich environment. The more words and ideas they’re exposed to, the more neural pathways they’ll develop.

Kids can now use objects to play more imaginatively. For example, you might see your child use a big stick as a horse or turn a box into a rocket ship. Social skills develop slowly at this age because kids aren’t ready to understand logic, reasoning and other people’s perspectives. They often have difficulty putting themselves in other people’s shoes and can be critical of other children’s choices and behavior.

Learning Through Logic

From 7 years old to about middle school, kids start thinking more logically. During this stage, kids are more able to make connections between things. They become “detectives” who are able to see clues and put them together.

Socially, kids develop the ability to take turns, put themselves in other people’s shoes and understand that actions have consequences. The circuits that process emotion and feelings strengthen and mature. In this stage, adults can support children by helping them reflect on things like cause and effect.

Learning Through Reasoning

As teens, kids start thinking more abstractly and with more complexity. They consider the “what ifs” of situations to figure out possible outcomes. In terms of school, this means they’re able to do more complicated math and understand characters and plots in deeper ways when they read.

Socially, these new skills help them see that other people’s reactions are sometimes based on different perspectives and experiences. Physically, it means they’re able to put different types of skills together to do more complicated things like driving. The wiring system of the brain becomes more intricate, with circuits intertwining with other circuits to allow all of those skills to work together.
https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/signs-symptoms/developmental-milestones/how-kids-develop-thinking-and-learning-skills

What Influences Skill Development

To some degree, genes influence your child’s development the first five years. For example, genetics affect the number of brain cells (neurons) all babies are born with. But genes don’t act alone. Environment also plays a part.

The neurons kids are born with branch out and make connections based on experiences. In the first three to five years of your child’s life, his brain has the potential to make billions of connections, limited only by the number of neurons available. Your child’s brain is constantly creating and recreating connections.

That means your child’s environment—and you—play a big role in what you can expect to see before kindergarten. That’s good news for kids who are not gaining skills as rapidly as expected. With early intervention and at-home strategies, kids with developmental delays are likely to acquire new skills and build on their strengths. https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/signs-symptoms/developmental-milestones/skill-development-from-birth-to-age-5